Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs287 Redirecciones: 40 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/287 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/287 BibTeX: @article{Effect_of_Aspergillus_oryzae_on_the_rumen_fermentation_of_Pennisetum_purpureum_cv._Cuba_CT-115_through_the_in_vitro_gas_production_technique, title = {Effect of Aspergillus oryzae on the rumen fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 through the in vitro gas production technique}, author = {Sosa, Areadne and Galindo, Juana and Bocourt, Ram?n and Rodr?guez, R. and Albelo, Nereida and Oramas, A.}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs287}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs287}, abstract = {In order to determine the effect of Aspergillus oryzae on the rumen fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115, an experiment was conducted with two trials, according to complete random design using the in vitro gas production technique. Five treatments were assessed. The doses of 0, 0.5, and 1 mL of A. oryzae culture in 80 mL of incubation solution were compared in the first stage, and those of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mL culture in 80 mL of incubation solution were compared in the second. Four repetitions were carried out per treatment. In the first trial, the readings were performed every 3 h up to 24 h of incubation and, in the second, every two hours up to 77 h. The parameters of the fermentation kinetics were determined in the doses of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mL. The outcomes showed that the adequate dose of microbial additive was of 0.2 mL of culture in 80 mL of incubation solution. The values of gas production attained with this level of inclusion were higher (P < 0.001) than those of the control without inoculum. This dose showed higher potential of gas production, higher fermentation speed, and lower lag phase, compared with the control without inoculum. The levels of 0.5 and 1 mL of A. oryzae culture provoked a decline in gas production. It is suggested that the addition of this strain of A. oryzae at doses of 0.2 mL of culture in 80 mL of incubation solution is able of stimulating the rumen fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum in experiments under in vitro conditions.Key words: microbial additives, Aspergillus oryzae, gas production, roughages.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs286 Redirecciones: 33 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/286 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/286 BibTeX: @article{Effect_of_the_level_of_urea_and_soybean_paste_on_the_concentration_of_proteins_during_the_solid_state_fermentation_of_wasted_apple_(Malus_domestica), title = {Effect of the level of urea and soybean paste on the concentration of proteins during the solid state fermentation of wasted apple (Malus domestica)}, author = {Rodr?guez-Muela, C. and D?az, D. and Salvador, F. and Ruiz, O. and Arzola, C. and Flores, A. and La O, Oreste and El?as, Arabel}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs286}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs286}, abstract = {Two experiments were performed at controlled temperature (28 and 36 ?C) in order to evaluate the level of urea and soybean paste on the solid state fermentation (SSF) of ground wasted apple. Levels of urea (U) of 1.5 and 2 %, and of soybean paste (SP) of 0.0 and 3.5 % were used in the former. The levels were of 1.5 and 2 % for U, and of 3.5 and 7 % for SP in the second experiment. The samples were added 0.2 % ammonium sulfate and 0.5 % mineral and vitamin supplement in both experiments. The variables evaluated were pH, total yeasts, crude protein (CP), and true protein (TP). The results showed increase in pH since 48 h after the start of the fermentation, and there was only effect of addition of soybean paste (P < 0.01) with values of 4.9 and 5.7 for 0 and 3.5 % of soybean paste in the mixture, respectively. The addition of urea did not show effect on this variable. The highest content of yeasts was attained with the combination in the mixture of 2.0 % urea and 3.5 % soybean paste, reaching values of around 4.0 x 108 cel. mL-1 at 168 h after the start of the fermentation. The CP at the end of the fermentation showed differences (P < 0.01) in both experiments by effect of the addition of U and SP. The TP evidenced interaction between the two experiments and showed higher value when the SP was of 3.5 %. This indicated that there is a favorable response in the TP production by addition of 3.5 % of SP to the mixture, only when the level of U is of 1.5 %. It is concluded that, when the fermentation is performed at 28 ?C, the highest content of true protein is obtained with the combination of 1.5 and 3.5 % of urea and soybean paste, respectively. Nevertheless, when the process is undertaken at 36 ?C, the highest content is attained with 2.0 % of urea and 3.5 % of soybean paste. Further research is suggested to determine other values of input and temperature that prove higher productive and economic efficiency.Key words: yeasts, protein, fermentation.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs285 Redirecciones: 27 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/285 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/285 BibTeX: @article{Influence_of_the_urea_concentration_in_plasma_on_pregnancy_and_dairy_components_for_tropical_conditions, title = {Influence of the urea concentration in plasma on pregnancy and dairy components for tropical conditions}, author = {Garc?a L?pez, Roberto and Bacallao, Yaimara}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs285}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs285}, abstract = {Information was considered referring to the urea concentration in serum from 160 commercial Holstein dairy cows with average weight of 452 kg, milk yields between 9 and 13.5 L/cow/d, and feeding based on pastures and supplementation, with levels between 3 and 4.5 kg/a/d. The milk yields managed to surpass 4000 L/lactation, and two groups were formed for the analysis, according to the urea concentrations in plasma: a) animals with urea values higher than 20 mg %, and b) animals with values lower than 20 mg %. Finally, 66 cows with levels higher than 20 mg % and 94 with lower levels were grouped. For the selection, it was started from the criterion that the indicator urea in plasma was determined in the same dairy unit. Also, the percentage of pregnancy at first service and the results of both groups in respect to the milk composition (fat, protein, non-fatty solids, total solids, and protein-fat ratio) were assessed. The values of productive efficiency at first service, as well as those of the milk components, indicated that concentrations in plasma higher than 20 mg % of urea in blood may provoke upsets in the animal response and affect basic indicators. It is suggested that, for the Cuban conditions, the urea determination in blood should be a habitual search in dairy herds due to the referential value provided by this indicator.Key words: dairy herds, urea in blood, milk components.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs284 Redirecciones: 33 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/284 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/284 BibTeX: @article{Influence_of_three_long-term_supplementation_systems_on_dairy_cows, title = {Influence of three long-term supplementation systems on dairy cows}, author = {Garc?a L?pez, Roberto}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs284}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs284}, abstract = {One hundred and thirty-five tropical Holstein cows (45 cows/treatment) were spread randomly into three feeding systems: a) supplementation with 0.45 kg of concentrate/L of milk, after the tenth liter of milk produced, B) supplementation with 0.45 kg of concentrate/L of milk, after the fifth liter of milk produced, and C) supplementation with 0.45 kg of concentrate/L of milk up to the tenth week of lactation during three consecutive lactations. The cows had liveweight of 505 ? 27 kg, and remained under study since the first lactation up to the third. The research lasted for four years. The pastures were sampled twice/month, that is, 24 folds/year, for a total of 96 samples throughout the study. Pastures with 24 to 32 d of age were used, depending on the season. The animals were fed Pangola grass (Digitari decumbens Stent), fertilized with 400 kg of N/ha/year. The stocking rate was of 3.5 cows/ha. Irrigation was used during the dry season. In time, milk yield differed between treatments (3667, 3695, 3445 kg for A, B, and C, respectively), whereas the treatment B had the poorest productive milk yield (3.65 kg of milk/kg of concentrate vs 8.7 and 8.5 kg of milk/kg of concentrate in the treatments A and C, respectively). The physiological and productive factors analyzed indicated that the animals with yield lower than 4000 kg/lactation had better indicators when fed concentrate since the tenth liter of milk produced and when the basic pasture surpassed 10 % in protein values, and, also, when there was availability of around 20 kg of DM/d/animal.Key words: feeding system, supplementation, grazing, dairy cows.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs283 Redirecciones: 37 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/283 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/283 BibTeX: @article{Effect_of_sex_and_of_the_supplementation_with_a_probiotic_on_the_liveweight_gain_of_weaned_calves_fed_integral_rations_based_on_ground_hay._Technical_note, title = {Effect of sex and of the supplementation with a probiotic on the liveweight gain of weaned calves fed integral rations based on ground hay. Technical note}, author = {Stuart, Justiniano R. and Ybalmea, Rolando and Vera, Ana M.}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs283}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs283}, abstract = {Twenty-four weaned calves (12 females and 12 males) with general average weight of 116 kg were used in a random block design with factorial fit to study the effect of sex and of supplementation with a probiotic (Sorbial) on the liveweight gain. The animals were given an integral ration with 40 % ground grass hay. The experiment lasted 111 d. The general liveweight gain was of 0.77 kg/d. There was no effect of the probiotic on the liveweight gain. The males had a liveweight gain higher (0.837 kg/d) than that of the females (0.706 kg/d). The weight gain of the females was sufficiently high so as to be considered in the design of feeding systems of female weaned calves. It is concluded that the feeding system with integral ration similar to the one used in this experiment is a promising alternative for the feeding of female calves. Besides, the supplementation with a probiotic does not seem to be necessary, at least, as to the liveweight gain, always guaranteeing the adequate hygiene and care conditions. Further experiments are suggested at larger scale to draw definitive conclusions.Key words: probiotic, integral rations, weaned calves.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs282 Redirecciones: 28 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/282 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/282 BibTeX: @article{Herbaceous_legumes_for_grazing_cattle_pre-fattening:_economic_and_financial_indices, title = {Herbaceous legumes for grazing cattle pre-fattening: economic and financial indices}, author = {Cino, Delia Mar?a and D?az, Asl?m}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {}, year = {2010-03-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs282}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs282}, abstract = {Ten cattle pre-fattening systems were selected and developed by the Institute of Animal Science to study, from the economic point of view, their productive possibilities. The systems were assessed in lots of 150 animals from genotypes of ? Holstein x ? Zebu and Charolais of Cuba. Supplementation and its absence were evaluated. The rangeland was composed of multiple associations of herbaceous legumes: glycine (Neonotonia wightii), kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), centro (Centrocema pubescens), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), and stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis). Cost records were kept in each system, starting from the fixed and the variables costs, and the main economic indices were calculated (cost/animal, cost/kg of LW, cost/peso invested, and profit/expense ratio). The gross margin/ha, the net income/ha, and the economic profitability were estimated in the financial analysis. The evaluation was conducted in foreign currency (USD) to show the performance of these systems internationally. The outcomes indicated that the use of grazing in legumes produced low values of costs/kg, cost/peso, and profit/expense ratio, indices that were better with no supplementation. The alternatives with beef genotypes had better financial indices, with the highest gross margins, the lowest direct costs/ha, and the highest profitability, being noteworthy their potentials of maximum use of grazing. The analysis showed that the use of legume mixtures in the cattle pre-fattening under grazing without supplementation may be an alternative of interest in the current conditions of Cuban cattle production.Key words: economy, cattle pre-fattening, beef production, legumes.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs463 Redirecciones: 29 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/463 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/463 BibTeX: @article{Extension_work_or_innovation_as_process_of_social_and_group_learning._Where_is_the_dilemma?, title = {Extension work or innovation as process of social and group learning. Where is the dilemma?}, author = {Rodr?guez, L. and la O, M. and Fonseca, Mar?a and Hern?ndez, Araceli and Jim?nez, Madel?n}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, pages = {}, year = {2009-10-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs463}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs463}, abstract = {A critical theoretical and practical analysis of the concepts of innovation, extension work, and transfer of technology is performed. According to them and their methodological basis and limitations, some alternatives of the linear model of technology transfer are provided. An alternative proposal of innovation is discussed, in which the development of effective alliances and the understanding and synthesis of shared insights are key to face challenges and problems of the environment, more complex and changing every time. Finally, some emerging ideas are provided about a new methodological proposal to manage processes of innovation at local level.Key words: innovation, extension work, technology transfer.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs462 Redirecciones: 33 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/462 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/462 BibTeX: @article{Strategies_to_modify_the_voluntary_intake_and_feed_selection_in_grazing_small_ruminants, title = {Strategies to modify the voluntary intake and feed selection in grazing small ruminants}, author = {Mazorra, C. and Fontes, Dayam? and Cubillas, Nieves and de Vega, A.}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, pages = {}, year = {2009-10-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs462}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs462}, abstract = {Different elements that should be considered by producers of small ruminants are discussed to attain the efficient management of grazing herds. Outstanding aspects are dealt with such as those related to voluntary intake, diet selection, and understanding of the consequences of post-ingestion, the anatomic and physiological differences of the digestive tract between the species of small ruminants and their relationship with ingestion habit. Also, several management or strategies or practices using these concepts are described with the aim of modifying the voluntary intake and the feed selection of these animals. Among them, there is mention to the development of abilities to harvest the type of pasture or forage, the previous adaptation to the feed intake and the understanding of the consequences of the post-ingestion, the intake of feed or other nutritive substances in a form prior to the grazing, the use of the antiquality factors and other products to preserve plant sin paddocks, as well as the circuits of grazing, the diversity of species of ingested plants, the antiparasite effects and the mixed grazing. It was concluded that the knowledge and management of the different factors interacting in the processes of diet, intake and selection in grazing small ruminants allow producers to optimize the productive performance of their animals and attain the utmost sustainable handling of the production system, leading to the stability and persistence of the cattle ecosystems in Cuba.Key words: sheep, goat, feed selection, preference, aversion.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs461 Redirecciones: 29 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/461 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/461 BibTeX: @article{Alternatives_for_sustainable_beef_production_in_the_Cauto_Valley, title = {Alternatives for sustainable beef production in the Cauto Valley}, author = {Ben?tez, D. and Ricardo, Yanet and Romero, A. and Guevara, O. and Torres, Verena and Ram?rez, Alina and P?rez, B. and Miranda, M. and Guerra, J. and Olivera, C.}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, pages = {}, year = {2009-10-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs461}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs461}, abstract = {With the aim of strengthening the capabilities for beef production in the eastern region of Cuba, alternatives were validated for calf production and cattle fattening in grazing conditions. Thus, grazing systems were designed with compensation areas composed of biomass banks, associated with legumes and sugarcane, and strategic supplementation to the herds. For each purpose, the feeding balance of the year and of the dry season were elaborated. The herd was organized in two groups of production with line grazing, and several reproductive technologies were combined. The alternatives described permitted producing more than 148 kg of liveweight at weaning per cow in the reproduction stage and 165 kg of liveweight in calves at weaning. Birth rate was higher than 80 %, and the age of incorporation to reproduction was reduced in 4.2 months, and the age at first calving was reduced between 8 and 10 months. These alternatives permitted creating capacities for the fattening of bulls from the rearing unit and of milk lines on sustainable basis, with great biological and economical efficiency. The additional investments for the alternatives described are recovered in economically acceptable periods, if the weed infestation is inferior to 20 % of the area of the productive system. These periods are increased as the degradation of the system increases by the weed action. It is recommended to extend this work to all the units of cattle production.Key words: cattle production, rearing, fattening, rational grazing systems, reproduction.}, }
Cu-ID: https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs459 Redirecciones: 51 URL: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/459 OAI: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/459 BibTeX: @article{Recovery_of_soil_fertility_in_degraded_cattle_areas, title = {Recovery of soil fertility in degraded cattle areas}, author = {Crespo, Gustavo}, journal = {Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, pages = {}, year = {2009-10-01}, publisher = {Instituto de Ciencia Animal}, language = {eng}, url = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs459}, cu_id = {https://cu-id.com/1996/ojs459}, abstract = {A detailed analysis of the results obtained in the maps of Cuban soils is performed, at scale 1:250 000 and 1:25 000. There was a growing trend to the decline in the phosphorus and potassium contents in the dynamics of cattle soil fertility between 1977 and 2000, and the low contents of organic matter and potassium were extremely acute, as well as the low natural fertility in forage areas, seeds, and intensive grazing. Among the most serious problems faced by Cuba cattle rearing, there are the degradation of the soils and the careless attention to the process provoking it. This affects seriously the future of this economic activity. When the agricultural systems include the plant cover, the multiple mixtures of legumes, the silvopastoral systems, and the contribution of organic and mineral fertilizers, the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the degraded soil are recovered. The soil properties that showed higher degree of sensibility to man?s management are organic matter, available phosphorus, structural stability, stable aggregates, the factor of structure, and water-air ratio. The measures that should be taken at short term are recommended to recover the degraded soils.Key words: cattle production, soils, degradation, technologies.}, }
